King tides are exceptionally high tides that occur when the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon is aligned, resulting in increased tidal forces. These tides are also known as perigean spring tides. They typically happen a few times a year and can lead to tidal ranges that are higher than normal.
The term “king tide” is often used to describe the highest tides of the year, and it is not a scientific term. These tides occur during specific alignments in the lunar cycle when the Earth, the moon, and the sun are in syzygy, meaning they are in a straight line. When the moon is at its closest point to Earth in its elliptical orbit (perigee) and it coincides with a new or full moon, the gravitational forces align, causing an enhanced gravitational pull on Earth’s oceans. This alignment results in higher-than-usual tides.
King tides can lead to temporary coastal flooding, especially in low-lying areas. While king tides are a natural and predictable phenomenon, they can be exacerbated by factors such as storm surges. Coastal communities often monitor king tides to assess their vulnerability and to plan for potential impacts.